Course Materials for use with Openstax Biology 2e (2024)

This guide will help to walk through the main concepts in the first chapter of the openstax biology 2e textbook.

By the end of this chapter you will be able to:

• Recall meanings of terms related to scientific method
• Summarize the scientific process
• Describe the importance of controls, and replication in experimental design
• Explain the definition of something being alive
• Outline the levels of organization in living things

These guided notes will aid you in studying Chapter 2 of the openstax biology 2e textbook.

By the end of this chapter you will be able to:

• • Relate the terms atom, ion, molecule
  • Distinguish the roles of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom
  • Given a description, classify the different types of bonds that are occurring.
  • Describe the structure of water and the properties that lends to it

This document will help to walk you through chapter 2 to better understand acids and bases.

By the end of this chapter you will be able to:

• • Given information be able to determine if a substance is acidic or basic

This document will lead you through Open Stax Biology 2e chapter 3 as you learn aboutthe different kinds of biological macromolecules.

By the end of this chapter you will be able to:

• Compare and contrast a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a nucleic acid
• Describe the use of these biological macromolecules
• Explain the kinds of chemical reactions create these

These notes accompany the openstax biology 2e textbook pages 168-173 in chapter 6.

By the end of this unit you will be able to:

• Describe what an enzyme is
• Explain how enzymes influence reaction rates
• Describe different mechanisms for controlling enzyme action

These guided notes accompany chapter 14 of the open stax Biology 2e textbook. For this chapter, we also used the DNA explored module from Simbio.

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• Describe DNA structure
• Describe DNA replication
• Contrast DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Explain how DNA mistakes are corrected

These notes are meant to provide an outline for chapter 15 of Openstax Biology 2e.

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• Model the process of transcription
• Contrast transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Explain how RNA is processed prior to translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Model the process of translation

These guided notes will aid you in your understanding of chapters 15 and 16 of the openstax biology 2e textbook.

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• Explain how RNA is processed prior to translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Model the process of translation
• Explain how genes are expressed
• Describe how gene expression is regulated
• Contrast expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

These notes will help you to understand the cell membrane, its structure, and its function. This material is covered in Chapter 5 of the openstax Biology 2e textbook. Specifically,p124-143 andp46-47

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• Explain cell membrane formation
• Describe how this structure leads to it being semipermeable
• Explain differences between a cell membrane and a cell wall
• Classify scenarios into the different mechanisms of cellular transport (passive, active, facilitated, secondary, vesicular)
• Predict the direction of movement of a solute through a membrane
• Compare and contrast osmolarity and tonicity
• Give examples of diffusion

This module describes the parts of cells. This material is covered in the openstax biology 2e textbook chapter 4 pages 100-117.

By the end of this module you will be able to:

• Describe the role of each organelle in the cell
• Contrast the function of different organelles
• Describe how the position of the organelle in the cell aids its function
• Explain the differences that exist between bacterial, animal, and plant cells
• Visually identify structures within cells
• Explain why a structure would be in one cell type and not another

These notes will help guide your reading of the openstax biology 2e textbook chapter 9 pages 228-244

By the end of this module you will:

• Describe how cells communicate
• Model basic intracellular signaling pathways
• Describe the different functions that signaling pathways can initiate in a cell
• Describe how cell signaling pathways are terminated

These notes will help to guide you through the openstax biology 2e textbook chapter 10 p251-268 and chapter 11 p276-287. Note, this material also uses a simbio module called mitosis revealed and one called meiosis revealed.

By the end of this chapter you will be able to:

• Describe what happens at each stage in the cell cycle
• Model the process of mitosis
• Contrast cell division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Become familiar with microscopy
• Model the process of meiosis
• Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
• Describe how meiosis leads to genetic variation in gametes

These notes go with chapters 6 and 7 of the Openstax biology2e textbook. Specifically pages 165-167, 178-202

• Compare and contrast Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle
• Describe how cell respiration is regulated
• Describe the role of fermentation in the creation of energy in cells
• Explain the process of fermentation
• Compare and contrast Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Describe how cell respiration is regulated
• Explain how molecules other than glucose can be involved in the creation of ATP

These guided notes accompany chapter 10 of the openstax Biology 2e textbook. They are meant to aid you in focusing your reading.

By the end of this chapter you should be able to:

• Describe the role of pigment in light absorption
• Explain the process by which light energy becomes stored as ATP or NADPH
• Explain the Calvin Cycle